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Refreshing C++

Been a long time did any C++ stuff. Refreshing my rusted memory to unlearn my old C++ knowledge and learn the current standards.

Topics to learn

Growing list of topics to learn

  • Namespaces
  • Classes
    • Constructors
    • Inheritance
    • Abstract base classes
  • Virtual stuff
    • virtual classes
    • virtual functions
  • Templates
  • Advancements from C++11 and beyond
  • Fom the standard library
    • array
    • list
    • vector
    • set
    • map
    • stack
    • queue
    • function
    • tie
    • tuple
  • smart pointers
  • logging framework
  • date and time manipulations
  • constexpr
  • lambdas
  • initializer_list
  • std::allocator
  • nullptr
  • Design patterns
    • Factory
    • Observer
    • Command
    • Singleton

Day 33

  • little more on std::set functions (erase, lowerbound, upperbound)
  • std::next and std::prev functions
  • generate random numbers (thanks to chatgpt)

Day 32

Cheat day!

Day 31

  • little refresher on std::vector
  • explored set

Day 30

  • more on std::filesystem::path - they look very similar to python path

Day 29

  • Basics of factory design pattern
  • exploring std::filesystem, getting and setting current working directory

Day 26..28

  • Design patterns - observer, singleton

Day 25

  • more on std::map
  • didn't understand extract & insert handling of node-type
  • ran into segfault when inserted a node that was extracted
  • c++ google style guide
    • Filenames
      • all lower case and can include - or _
      • name end with .cc and header files with .h
    • Type names
      • PascalCase / CamelCase
      • applies to classes, structs, type alias, enums and type template
    • Variables - local variables, function parameters, class members
      • all lower case, with words separated by _
      • e.g. a_variable, a_class_member_, a_struct_member
    • Constants
      • constexpr or const variables named with a leading k
      • e.g. const double kPi = 3.14
    • Functions
      • regular functions and class methods in CamelCase/PascalCase
      • accessors (getters / setters) may be named like variables. e.g. int size() and void set_size(), with size_ as the member variable
    • Namespace - all lower case, separated by underscores
    • Enums
      • type name in PascalCase and enum values named like constants
    • Macros
      • avoid as much as possible. if must, use ALL_CAPS_NAMING_LIKE_THIS
    • Comments
      • // more common, but /* a comment */ syntax is also fine.
      • class comments - describe what it is and how it should be used
      • function comments - describe how to use in declaration comments and the operation details in the definition comments
      • class members - comments optional when the purpose is non obvious
      • global variables - must have comments describe what they are and intended usage
      • to do - TODO (context)
    • Spaces vs tabs -> Spaces!!!
    • Lambda expression
      • Format parameters and bodies as for any other function, and capture lists like other comma-separated lists

Day 24

  • exploring list and maps
  • list - remove, remove_if and erase (using ranges)
  • map - just getting started. map iteration, insertion and capacity methods

Day 23

Day 22

  • List remove and erase
  • Getting started with design patterns. exploring observer pattern

Day 21

  • Didn't work

Day 20

  • little bit of std::reference_wrapper, std::shared_ptr

Day 19

Day 18

  • added a concrete example to learn getopt/getopt_long
  • explored std::tuple, std::tie, nullptr, std::stod along the way

Day 17

  • understanding getopt and getopt_long further..finally cleared the doubts on the optional argument

Day 16

  • exploring std::array

Day 14-15

  • didn't have much time to focus on this
  • did little reading on lambda, and command line parsing
  • getopt and getopt_long

Day 13

  • More on lambdas. Read some sections of this page

Day 12

  • vector operations and access
  • Factory and AbstractFactory patterns
  • Review of Google style guide
  • brush up on vector operations

Day 11

  • More on simple classes
  • Inheritance vs composition
  • playing with std::vector

Day 10

  • typid, const_cast and simple classes
  • getting started to play with std::list

Day 9

  • Hands on with explicit constructors, typeid and const_cast operators.
  • found out the diff between using stdio and cstdio headers

Day 8

  • Some more hands on with constructor initialization and default constructors

Day 7

  • Hands on with some lambda and class constructor basics

Day 6

Day 5

  • Review of modern c++. Range based loops, auto keyword, lambda expressions, constexpr in place of macros, std::variant in place of unions.
  • Things to try out more
    • Lambdas
    • Callable objects
    • Exception handling
    • Move constructor and assignment

Day 4 - namespaces - continued

  • Wrote a basic namespaces within .cpp files and using header files
  • what next? - nested namespace, std namespace, using directive vs declaration, namespace alias

Day 3 - Reading namespaces, watching OOP concepts on YT CodeBeauty

Day 2 - Anonymous namespaces

  • using anonymous namespaces to restrict global names to file scope (just like static)

Day 1 - Hello World

  • Set up vscode on mac
  • have installed xcode before, came with clang compiler. /usr/bin shows multiple compilers, but all seem to point to only Apple's clang.
➜  hello-world git:(dev) ✗ ls -l /usr/bin/clang* /usr/bin/g++ /usr/bin/c++
-rwxr-xr-x  76 root  wheel  167136 Oct 28 04:43 /usr/bin/c++
-rwxr-xr-x  76 root  wheel  167136 Oct 28 04:43 /usr/bin/clang
-rwxr-xr-x  76 root  wheel  167136 Oct 28 04:43 /usr/bin/clang++
-rwxr-xr-x  76 root  wheel  167136 Oct 28 04:43 /usr/bin/clangd
-rwxr-xr-x  76 root  wheel  167136 Oct 28 04:43 /usr/bin/g++

➜  hello-world git:(dev) ✗ c++ --version
Apple clang version 14.0.0 (clang-1400.0.29.202)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin22.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
➜  hello-world git:(dev) ✗ clang --version
Apple clang version 14.0.0 (clang-1400.0.29.202)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin22.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
➜  hello-world git:(dev) ✗ clang++ --version
Apple clang version 14.0.0 (clang-1400.0.29.202)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin22.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
  • Configured C/C++ options, set up build tasks (Cmd+Shift+B to trigger build), .gitignore etc.